Furnace wall



0. NYGAARD June 6, 1933.

FURNACE WALL Filed Oct. 26, 192a 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR M A,

June 6, 1933. o. NYGAARD 1,912,912

FURNACE WALL v Filed Oct. 26, 1928 s'sheets sheit a INVENTO R (0444M. A"

. 1 BY f mo Y I June 6, 1933.

O.NYGAARD FURNACE WALL Filed Oct. 26, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATI' Patented June #6, 19 33 1 This invention releteseto lfnrna'ce we l-1s of theWLtI eooled'f type and'to-"bricks for use'in Building slich'walls Walls of thischslrach 7. tier ere rapidly'eoming intoftvorandfare commonly referred '1 to as ""water cooled Walls even though the cooling 'l'nedium circul at'ed through the tubesinthe wallsmay lee-steam, e The present p'ainwo'rk while"at'the same'timef provlding a Wfill construction which? Will give 1mg and efliclent servlce'. The; "1I1Vent1on 1s especially ,concerned with the means? for -holclihf;the bricks of the "Wall in 'place, ends it is one; of the objects of the invention ,to devise 3 2 Construction 1 "which 'w ill ffa'oilit'ztte the initi'ail installation 'of' the {wen is :while 'Je'rmitting. the removal of the brib'ks from the fire face of the wall when mpairsare necessary; v P 1 r The nature of the inventionwill bereadily understood. from the following descriptionwhen read in connection Withthe ac co'm} 'pan ing drawings; and {the-novel features will be particularly pointedf outin the "ap- 'pendedclaimsf In the drawings,

"Figure 1- is affrontaneeWith this'invntiongf 'jj" 9 Fig. '2- is whorizonta il sectional viewl'of' the Well shown-in-Fig. '1; Pf

Fig-, 3* is si; Vertical sectional View of said 'wall 'approxinieite'lyion the line3-'-"3; 1

*Fig. 4 i s zt horizontal. sectional iew onthe '7f'ls a" front elevation i m d d onstruction;

e 'Fig; an a-ngular View showing certain invention aims"; "to i provesuch WELllS with faview to reducing-ithe ex pense of manufacture and facilitating: re-' H I some other fluid medium; Associated with thes'e'tube's :are blocks or bricks 3 made' ot :soinerefractory material, such as fire clay r 1 .1? silicon(carbide, the latter materiel usualv elevation of vsecitionof 'water cooled wall nonstructed In accorde pereen,

- Prefke'mBlj bOth thenppe deta ils ofthe Wall constrfiCtiOn shownfit Fig. lOisa'perspeotive'view of the We used said'w'allyandfl Efglf ljl, is zt-vpe'rsp'ectiv'el View of, (meet the brioksnsed in thewall shown in F igs'. 5,-to

8,'inclusiVe.f I v v v Refernng first to F1gsj 1' ft0 4, inclusive, v thelwall'ofonstructlon thereshowncomprises af'series ofupwardly f extending parztllel tubes 2 designed to c'onveywater, steam, or

ly' being prg'aferr'ed.v It vWill be seen from an inspection of thedr'awingsthat inthe perticnlar construction shown' j'each 'block or V brick is designedto span' t he s'paoebfetween two adjacent tubes, and it includes a front,

portion which. lies in frontof the tubes and serXieS. to piotlebt'fthmhfand. we also a portion 1 'wh ioh extends ,backwar dlyfbetween theftuhes {ind usually somewhat beyond. therearward V ,C ufved' fades tofit, againstthltubsmndserr tain Of the bricks, infadditio s. are moved, Vertically" a d ra i in; .igs: 12

end 3," These grooves are formed inltlie .1

extensions which lies between-adj doent tribes,

and they are designedtofreceiye the opposite "veni entlybemade of cast iron or other suit} able metal, and each wedge h il e it sopposite edges enter 'thefgrooves of n H o ve -te m ti'cally to fit partly aroundone, of the tilbe's,

The? co hstructionflof these jbri'ck's the longi bearing b'e provided between} oh Wedge and the walls of the bricksfwh i 'ch sfThisf ev des. tsiifl h i iz nii'ent" I and economlcal' arrangement for 'h'ol in the bricks to the tubes.

A .mlkd w faces of the bricks 'arefinclined downwardly "wedges'is elrshwn ,in Figs, g g arr d; 1: -I1t is preferable tojtaper the f rearward "wall ita I and rearwardly, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, so that the bricks are held by gravity in contact with the tubes. The bricks are arranged in vertical rows, resting one on the other, and a vertical series of bricks may be supported on a bracket welded or clamped to one of the tubes. Fig. 8 shows a bracket at 6 which is welded to the tube 2; and another bracket 7 comprising twomembers clamped rigidly to the tube by bolts 8 is shown in Figs. 6 and 8.

brackets are inclined backwardly at the same angle as the upper and lower faces of the-bricks so that each brick resting on a bracket gravitates toward the tub'e'to which the bracket is secured.

It is not necessary to clamp each of the bricks to the tubes, and Figs. 3 and 4 show bricks 3 located between the bricks and which are not clamped against the tubes but are simply held in place by their contact with the inclined surfaces of the bricks above and below them.

It will be clear that a wall of this construction can be erected rapidly and that bricks of the character shown can be manu factured economically and are of such a character that they are not subject to excessive breakage. Ina wall of this character the space behind the tubes and the bricks associated with them is usually filled in with insulating material 9, and a sheet metal back 10' is located immediately behind it. This insulating material may consist of asbestos, magnesia, common brick, or the like.

I If it becomes necessary to replace a broken brick, one or more of the bricks 3 closely adjacent to the broken brick may be removed at the fire face of the wall simply by pulling itout of its operative position. Enough of these bricksare removed to permit access to the broken brick, or to permit the removal of the'wedges which hold the bricks 8 that must be removed in order to make the necessary repairs. The pieces of the broken brick can then be removed, the cavity in the wall cleaned out, and new bricks replaced, this entire operation being performed while working at the fire face of the wall and without disturbing the backing 9- or shell 10.

Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, show another form of wall in which a somewhat different arrangement is employed for locking the bricks in their operative positions in contact with the tubes. The main body of this wall is made up of bricks 12, Figs. 5, 6,8. and 11. Each of these bricks has a groove in one side thereofto receive and partly encircle a tube 2, and'the face of the brick which 'is to be exposed to the fire is formed at one end thereof. The upper andlower surfaces of these bricks are 'rearwardly inclined as are thebricks 3 and 3', and a vertical series of bricks is supported on brackets such as those The upper faces of these shown at 6 or 7 Fig. 8, having correspondingly inclined upper surfaces so that each brick tends to slide backwardly by gravity either upon the surface of the bracket or the brick on which it rests. In this manner the bricks are held by gravity in contact with the tubes. At the same time the weight of the bricks is'taken by the brackets and Y through them transmitted to the tubes.

In order to lock the bricks 12 against lat- .eral movement away from the tubes, locking bricks 13 are located at intervals between the bricks 12. These bricks preferably, although not necessarily, are wedge shaped and have positively lock the latter against any moveinent laterally away from the tubes. At the same time they can be withdrawn from the fire face of the wall,.after which the bricks '12 which they look in position can be moved inwardly toward each other andthen withdrawn from the wall.

This wall construction also, like that previously described, can be laid up rapidly, is easily repaired, and is made of brick which are of such shape, that they. are not subject to serious breakage due to changes intemperature. r o r In both of the walls shown special bricks 14, Fig. 8, are required to fill in the spaces immediately in front of the brackets 6 or 7 and it is preferable to use cement between these bricks and the brackets in order to hold them more securely in place, afford better protection for the brackets, and to locate the special bricks more accurately. v

, WVhile I have herein shown and described typical embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied in. other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Claims on subject matter common to this application and my copending application Serial No. 326,736 are presented in thepresent case, the claims in said .copending application being limited to subject matter not disclosed in the present application. 7

7 Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim as new'is: v I

1. In a furnace wall, the combination of a- SBIIBS of upwardly, extending :parallel tubes, bricks having face portions to protect parts of the tubesand; rearward .p'rojections extending. betweenand fitting snugly against a'djacenttubes, said bricks resting one upon another and theiupper and and rearwardly inclinedwhereby the bricks tend to gravitate toward the tubes, and members engaging said projections of some of said bricks and locking the bricks to the tubes. 3 .i' V

2. In a furnacewalhthe combination of a series of upwardly extending parallel tend to gravitate toward the tubes, and

wedges spanningthe backs of certain of the tubes and engagingrsaid projections of some of said bricks for locking the bricks to the tubes. 7

3. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of parallel'tubes, bricks associated with said tubes, said bricks having face portions lying in front of portions ofthe tubes and also having projections extending rearwardly from said face portions into the spaces between and fitting snugly, against adjacent tubes, andlocking bricks located between the first mentioned bricks and holding the latter bricks against removal from the tubes, said locking bricks being removable from the wall at the fire side thereof.

4. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of parallel tubes, bricks associated with said tubes, said bricks'having face portions lying in front'of', portions of'the tubes and also having projectionsextending rearwardly from said'face portions into the spaces between and fitting snugly against adjacent tubes and locking bricks located between the first mentioned bricks and holding the latter bricks against movement toward each other laterally away from the tubes, said locking bricks being removable from the wall at the fire side thereof. 5. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of parallel tubes, bricks associated with said tubes, said bricks havingface portions lying in front of portions of the tubes and also having projections extending rearwardly from said face portions into the spaces between and fitting snugly against adjacent tubes, said bricks resting one upon the other and the upper and lower faces of the bricks being downwardly and rearwardly inclined whereby the bricks tend to gravitate toward the tubes, and locking bricks extending between said projections of adjacent bricks and holding the latter bricks against movement toward each other laterally away from the tubes.

6. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending parallel tubes, bricks having face portions to protect parts of the tubes and rearward projections extending between adjacent tubes, said bricks resting one uponanother and the upper; and lower'cfaces of the bricks'bei-ng downwardly and rearwardly inclined whereby the bricks tend to gravitate toward the tubes, and brackets rigid with said tubes and I having rearwardly inclined faces supporting certain of said bricks.

7 In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending, parallel tubes, bricks having face portions to protect parts .of thetubes and rearward projections extending between adjacent tubes, said bricks being-arranged in rows parallel to saidtubes and the upper and lower faces of the bricks being downwardly and rear- 1 wardly inclined, and brackets rigid with said tubes and-supporting a series of bricks in one of said .rows. I

In a furnace wall, the combination of a series; of upwardly extending parallel tubes, bricks arranged in rows parallel to said tubes and'having face portions'lying in I front of said tubes in protective'relatio'n to them and additional parts extending rearwardly between said tubesand fitting snugly 1 against the tubes, said bricks resting one upon another andhaving downwardly and rearwardly inclined upper andlower faces to cause the bricks to be held by gravity in contact with the tubes, certain of said bricks being supported in said wall for sliding movement forwardly and upwardly out of the wall at the fire side thereof.

9. In a furnacerwall, the. combinationvof a series of upwardly extending parallel tubes-bricks arrangedin. rows parallel. to said tubes and having face portions lying in front of said tubes 'in protective relation tothemand additional parts extending rearwardly; between said tubes and fittingjsnugly against the tubes, said .7 bricks resting'one upon another and having downwardly and rearwardly inclined upper and lowerfaces to cause the bricks to. be held by gravity in contact with the tubes, and additional means for fastening certain of-said bricks to the tubes. c 7

'10. Ina furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending parallel tubes, bricks arranged in rows parallel to said tubes and having face portions lying in front of said tubes in protective relation to them and additional parts extending rearwardly between said tubes andfitting snugly against the tubes, said bricks resting one upon another and having downwardly and rearwardl inclined upper and lower faces to cause t e bricksto beheld by gravity in contact with the tubes, and wedges cooperating with certain of said bricks to lock them tothe tubes. 7 a 11. In a furnace wall,.the. combinationof aseries of upwardly extending; parallel front of said tubes in protective relation to them and additional parts extendingrean wardly between said tubes and fitting snugly against the tubes, said bricks restingone upon another and having downwardly and rearwardly'inclined upper and lower faces to cause the bricks to be held by gravity in contact with the tubes, and locking members spanning the backs of the tubes and engaging said projections of some of said bricks at opposite sides of the tubes for locking the bricks to the tubes. 12.- In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of-upwardly extending parallel tubes,'brackets secured rigidly to said tubes, said brackets having upper faces inclined downwardly and rearwardly, and a-series of bricks supported by each bracket,each of said bricks having upper and lower surfaces inclined downwardly and rearwardly with the lowermost brick of each series resting on one of said brackets and the other bricks of the series resting upon each other, and said bricks being shaped to fit snugly against the tubes, whereby they will be held by gravity against the tubes. 7

13 A brick for furnace wall construction comprising a body of refractory non-metallic material having curved faces at opposite sides thereof to fit snugly against tubes which arespaced apart, said brick' also having a front face portion lying in front of said curved faces, and grooves in said sides extending approximately parallel to the axis of said curved faces and located behind saidcurved faces, said brick also having upper and lower surfaces which are downwardly and rearwardly inclined with reference to the front face portion of the brick. 14;-In a'furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending tubes, bricks associated with said tubes and located in protective relationship to them, certain of said bricks resting one upon the other, and brackets rigid with said tubes and having downwardly and rearwardly inclined upper faces supporting certain of said bricks, the latter bricks having downwardly and rearwardly inclined facesto rest on said brackets.

15. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending parallel tubes adapted to conduct a fluid medium, refractory blocks arranged in rows parallel to said tubes, said blocks having face portions lying in front of said tubes in protective relationship to them, and brackets welded to the tubes at intervals along the lengths thereof for supporting said blocks, said brackets having inclined surfaces for supporting. said blocks and said blocks having correspondingly inclined surfaces resting on the brackets, the inclination of said inclined surfaces of the blocks and brackets being such as to cause the blocks togravitate toward the tubes and to be held by gravity in contact with them. r I

16. In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly" extending parallel tubes spaced apart and located closely adjacent to eachother, said tubes being adapted to conduct a fluid medium, brackets rigid with said tubes and spaced alongthe lengths of the tubes, refractory blocks supported on said brackets in position to protect said tubes at the fire sides thereof,lsaid blocks being grooved to fit against the tubes to promote the transfer of heat to the tubes, and 7 said brackets and blocks having cooperating inclined supporting surfaces for causing the blocks to gravitate toward the tubes and to be held in contact with them by gravity.

17 In a furnace wall, the combination of a series of upwardly extending parallel tubesspaced apart and located closely adjacent to each other, said tubes being adapted to conduct a fluid medium, brackets rigid with said tubes and spaced along the lengths of the tubes, refractory blockssupported on said brackets and having faceporti'ons' overlying the fire sides of the tubes in protective relationship to the tubes, the rearward sides of saidblocks being grooved to fit snugly against the tubes, said brackets and blocks having cooperating supporting surfaces inclined to cause said blocks to gravitate toward the tubesand to be held in contact with them by gravity, the blocks being free I for removal from said wall at the fire side thereof by movement upwardly and forwardly away from the tubes. 7

- OSCAR NYGAARD. 

